A third (and perhaps the most important) item on my list is the idea that definitions of "research" in first-year writing must be expanded to include all of the complex writing and thinking activities that are involved in the creation of a text (including those that take place in the author's mind and those that occur in discussions with co-authors, editors, or other stakeholders in the text). This idea of research must also include both activities that take place through direct observation or experimentation, and activities that involve the use of physical or digital research tools.

Item Three:
CHAT-based writing courses must articulate a research-oriented perspective towards the available compositional choices—students must understand that effective choices can only be made through a rigorous research process.

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