Introduction

Sites of Study

A Brief History of Audience

The One and the Many

Audience Addressed and Audience Invoked

On Lurkers

Works Cited

Works Cited

Aristotle.  Rhetoric. Trans. W. Rhys Roberts.  <http://www.public.iastate.edu/~honeyl/Rhetoric/index.html >.

Bakhtin, M.M.  Speech Genres and Other Late Essays.  Trans.  Vern W. McGee.  Austin:  U of Texas P,  1986.

Crowley, Sharon.  The Methodical Memory: Invention in Current-Traditional Rhetoric.  Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP,  1990.

Ede, Lisa.  “On Audience and Composition.”  College Composition and Communication 39  (1979):  291-295.

Ede, Lisa, and Andrea Lunsford.  “Audience Addressed/Audience Invoked: The Role of Audience in Composition Theory Pedagogy.” The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook.  Eds. Gary Tate and Edward P.J. Corbett.  New York: Oxford UP,  1988.  169-182.

Enos, Theresa.  “‘An Eternal Golden Braid’: Rhetor as Audience, Audience as Rhetor.”  Kirsch and Roen  99-114

George, E. Laurie. "Taking Women Professors Seriously: Female Authority in the Computerized Classroom." Computers and Composition 7 (1990):  45-52.

Harris, Joseph.  “The Idea of Community in the Study of Writing.” College Composition and Communication 40:1  (1989): 11-22.

Hauben, Michael and Ronda Hauben.  Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet.  Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society Press,  1997.

Hawisher, Gail E. and Charles Moran.  “Electronic Mail and the Writing Instructor.” College English 55 (1993):  627-643.

Kirsch, Gesa and Duane Roen, Ed. A Sense of Audience in Written Communication.
Newbury Park:  Sage,  1990.

Leonhirth, William J., David. T. Z. Mindich, and Andris Straumanis.  “Wanted … a Metaphor for Jhistory: Using Past Information Systems to Explain Internet Mailing Lists.”  Electronic Journal of Communication 7:4  (1997)  CIOS 3 Jun 2001.  < http://www.cios.org/getfile/EJCTOC_V7N497 >.

Long, Russell C.  “Writer-Audience relationships: Analysis or Invention?” College Composition and Communication 31 (1980):  223 and 225.

Moran, Charles.  “We Write, But Do We Read.”  Computers and Composition 8 (1991): 51-61.

Nystrand, Martin.  “Rhetoric's 'Audience' and Linguistics' 'Speech Community': Implications for Understanding Writing, Reading, and Text.” What Writers Know: The Language, Process, and Structure of Written Discourse. Ed. Martin Nystrand. New York: Academic, 1982.  1-28.

Ong, Walter,  “The Writer’s Audience is Always a Fiction.” PMLA  90 (January 1975): 9-21.

Parks, Douglas B.  “The Meanings of ‘Audience’.”  Landmark Essays on Rhetorical Invention in Writing.  Eds. Richard E. Young and Yameng Liu.  Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press,  1994.

Perelman, CH. and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca.  The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation.  Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame P,  1969.

Phelps, Louise Wetherbee.  “Audience and Authorship: the Disappearing Boundary.” Kirsch and  Roen 153-174.

Plato.  Phaedrus.  Trans. H.N. Fowler.  The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings From Classical Times to the Present .  Eds. Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg.  Boston: Bedford,  1990.  113-143.

Rafoth, Bennett A.  “The Concept of Discourse Community: Descriptive and Explanatory Adequacy.”  Kirsch and Roen.  140-152.

Reiff, Mary Jo.  “Rereading ‘Invoked’ and ‘Addressed’ Readers Through a Social Lens: Toward a Recognition of Multiple Audiences.”  Journal of Advanced Composition. 16:3  (1996):  407-424.

Tomlinson, Barbara.  “Ong May be Wrong: Negotiating with Nonfictional Readers.”
Kirsch and Roen 85-98.

Willard, Thomas and Stuart C. Brown.  “The One and the Many: A Brief History of the Distinction.”  Kirsch and Roen 58-72.

Willey, R.J.  “Pre-Classical Roots of the Addressed/Invoked Dichotomy of Audience.”  Kirsch and Roen 25-39.