What Monkeys Teach Us about Authorship:
Toward a Distributed Agency
in Digital Composing Practices

Person on a tour
Conclusion

Using the monkey selfie issue as a case in point, this webtext seeks to problematize static views of authorship using postmodern and posthuman definitions, and to envision emergent pedagogical possibilities for teaching authorship and copyright. What monkeys teach us is not only a new entry point for furthering composition pedagogies, but also an alternative way of examining our assumptions about rhetoric and writing. Probing new affordances and circumstances in digital ecologies, our colleagues and students can work towards constantly shaping and reshaping the notion of authorship in flux.

Person on a tour
About the Author

Jialei Jiang is a Ph.D. candidate in Composition and Applied Linguistics at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, where she also teaches First-Year Composition (FYC) and research writing courses. Her research interests include digital rhetoric, new materialist theories, multimodal pedagogy, and comparative studies. Her works have appeared in Composition Studies, Journal of Global Literacies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies, and edited collections. She is currently working on a manuscript that explores the potential of multimodal campaigns for teaching multimodal design and social advocacy in FYC.

Person on a tour
References

Alexander, Jonathan, & Rhodes, Jacqueline. (2014). On multimodality: New media in composition studies. Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English.

Barthes, Roland. (1977). The death of the author. In R. Barthes & S. Heath (Trans.), Image, music, text (pp. 142-148). London: Fontana Press. (Original work published 1977)

Barnett, Scot, & Boyle, Casey. A. (2016). Rhetoric, through everyday things. Tuscaloosa: University Alabama Press.

Boyle, Casey. (2016). Writing and rhetoric and/as posthuman practice. College English, 78(6), 532-554.

Bradshaw, Gay A. (2010). An ape among many: Animal co-authorship and trans-species epistemic authority. Configurations, 18(1-2), 15-30.

Brooke, Collin G. (2000). Forgetting to be (post)human: Media and memory in a kairotic age. JAC, 20(4), 775-795.

Brooke, Collin G. (2009). Lingua fracta: Toward a rhetoric of new media. Cresskill, N.J.: Hampton Press.

Cooper, Marilyn. (2011). Rhetorical agency as emergent and enacted. CCC, 62(3), 420-449.

DeLuca, Katherine. (2015). "Can we block these political thingys? I just want to get f*cking recipes." Women, rhetoric, and politics on Pinterest. Kairos, 19(3). Retrieved from http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/19.3/topoi/deluca/conclusions.html

Digirhet. (2008). Old+old=old=new: A copyright manifesto for the digital world. Kairos, 12(3). Retrieved from http://technorhetoric.net/12.3/topoi/digirhet/bios.html

Dobrin, Sidney. I. (2015). Writing posthumanism, posthuman writing. Anderson, SC: Parlor Press.

Derrida, Jacques. (1981). Dissemination. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Edwards, Dustin W. (2016). Framing remix rhetorically: Toward a typology of transformative work. Computers and Composition, 39, 41-54.

Eyman, Douglas. (2015). Digital rhetoric: Theory, method, practice. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Foucault, Michel. (1987). What is an author? In Vassilis Lambropoulos & David N. Miller (Eds.), Twentieth-century literary theory (pp. 113-138). Albany: SUNY Press.

Gladwell, Hattie. (2017, July 24). Vlogger’s twitter thread about why you should avoid PETA is eye-opening. Metro.co.uk. Retrieved from http://metro.co.uk/2017/07/24/vloggers-twitter-thread-about-why-you-should-avoid-peta-is-eye-opening-6801915/

Hawhee, Debra. (2017). Rhetoric in tooth and claw: Animals, language, sensation. Chicago et London: The University of Chicago Press.

Hawk, Byron. (2011). Reassembling postprocess: Toward a posthuman theory of public rhetoric. In S. I. Dobrin, J. A. Rice, & Michael Vastola (Eds.), Beyond postprocess (pp. 75-93). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.

Howard, Rebecca. M. (1998). The literary production of power: Citation practices among authors and students. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 3(1). Retrieved from

Howard, Rebecca. M., & Davies, Laura. J. (2009). Plagiarism in the internet age. Educational Leadership, 66(6), 64-67.

Hutton, Christopher. (2017). The self and the monkey selfie: Law, integrationism and the nature of the first order/second order distinction. Language Sciences, 61, 93-103.

Jones, Rodney. H., & Hafner, Christoph. A. (2012). Understanding digital literacies: A practical introduction. London: Routledge.

Johnson-Eilola, Johndan. (2004). The database and the essay: Understanding composition as articulation. In Anne F. Wysocki, Johndan Johnson-Eilola, Cynthia Selfe, & Geoffrey Sirc (Authors), Writing new media: Theory and applications for expanding the teaching of composition (pp. 199-235). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.

Johnson-Eilola, Johndan, & Selber, Stuart A. (2007). Plagiarism, originality, assemblage. Computers and Composition, 24, 375-403.

Kaminski, Margot E. (2017). Authorship, disrupted: AI authors in copyright and first amendment law. UC Davies Law Review, 51(17-26), 589-616.

Kennedy, George. A. (1998). Comparative rhetoric: An historical and cross-cultural introduction. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kitalong, Karla. S., & Miner, Rebecca. L. (2017). Multimodal composition pedagogy designed to enhance authors' personal agency: Lessons from non-academic and academic composing environments. Computers and Composition, 46, 39-55.

Losh, Elizabeth. (2014). From authorship to authoring: Critical literacy, expert users, and proprietory software. Computers and Composition, 33, 40-49.

Lunsford, Andrea, & West, Susan (1996). Intellectual property and composition studies. CCC, 47(3), 383-411.

Massumi, Brian. (2014). What animals teach us about politics. Durham: Duke University Press.

McSwiggan, Calum. (2014, July 17). Here's a thread about why you shouldn't donate money to @PETA and why you should instead fund animal charities who deserve your support [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/calummcswiggan/status/885888731919659008?lang=en

Naruto et al. V. David John Slater. 15-cv-4324. (United States District Court, 09 21, 2015)

Pallante, Maria A. (2017). From monkey selfies to open source: the essential interplay of creative culture, technology, copyright office practice, and the law. Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts, 12(2), 123-143.

Porter, James. (2009). Recovering delivery for digital rhetoric. Computers and Composition, 26, 207-224.

Porter, James. (2018). Rhetoric, copyright, techne: The regulation of social media production and distribution. In Jonathan Alexander & Jacqueline Rhodes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of digital writing and rhetoric (pp. 259-268). London: Routledge.

Ridolfo, Jim, & DeVoss, Danielle N. (2008). Composing for recomposition: Rhetorical velocity and delivery. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 13(2). Retrieved from http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/13.2/topoi/ridolfo_devoss/index.html

Ridolfo, Jim, & DeVoss, Danielle N. (2017). Remixing and reconsidering rhetorical velocity. Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric, 7(2/3), 59-67.

Seader, Chad, Markins, Jason, & Canzonetta, Jordan. (2018). Mediated authority: The effects of technology on authorship. In Jonathan Alexander & Jacqueline Rhodes (Editors), Routledge handbook of digital writing and rhetoric (pp. 269-279). London: Routledge.

Sheridan, David. M., Ridolfo, Jim., & Michel, Anthony. J. (2012). The available means of persuasion: Mapping a theory and pedagogy of multimodal public rhetoric. Anderson, SC: Parlor Press.

Shipka, Jody. (2011). Toward a composition made whole. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Slotkin, Jason. (2017, September 12). 'Monkey selfie' lawsuit ends with settlement between PETA, photographer. NPR News. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/12/550417823/-animal-rights-advocates-photographer-compromise-over-ownership-of-monkey-selfie

Warren-Riley, Sarah, & Hurley, Elise V. (2017). Multimodal pedagogical approaches to public writing: Digital media advocacy and mundane texts. Composition Forum, 36. Retrieved from http://compositionforum.com/issue/36/multimodal.php

Weisser, Christian R. (2002). Moving beyond academic discourse: Composition studies and the public sphere. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Wysocki, Anne F. (2004). Opening new media to writing: Openings and justifications. In A. F. Wysocki, J. Johnson-Eilola, C. Selfe, & G. Sirc (Authors), Writing new media: Theory and applications for expanding the teaching of composition (pp. 1-41). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.

Thanks for reading!

Back to the top

PDF of the webtext