Levin explains that the former exclusions are “specters” created by the devil in order to fool Brown.  (Levin/p.344). This interpretation, like the dream-vision, bears many strengths, though, as John Humma articulates, it too, has its weaknesses.  Humma counters this position by arguing, like the argument against the dream-vision, Hawthorne never makes this intention evident in the text.  (Humma/p. 426).  Still, Levin’s argument has a good foundation, such as; when Brown is thinking of reasons to leave the devil’s side, the very reasons happen to appear before him.