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TE2 Model
Design Motivation into
the Workshop
- One of the often overlooked areas of
faculty development workshops is the design and development of the motivational
component.
I. ARCS Model
- By John Keller
- John Keller is one of the leading experts
in the instructional design and motivational theory. Keller
(1987) has developed the ARCS model whose theoretical framework has
applications to help train educators in technology use.
The ARCS model is a theoretical framework for organizing knowledge of human motivation. ARCS is also a system for improving the motivational appeal of instructional materials, instructor behavior, and course/lesson design. Motivational design focuses on how to understand the motivation to learn. It also provides a systematic process for analyzing student motivation and designing effective instruction.
When taken alone each of the four elements
could increase motivation, and each individually could cause decreases
as well. But accounting for each of the four will greatly enhance the overall
chances of having high levels of learner motivation.
II. Four Elements of ARCS Model
- By Jason Fry
1. Attention
Instruction has to be able to gain and maintain the students attention throughout the instruction. Tasks must be at least minimally interactive to help maintain student participation.
2. Relevance
Relevance is another key element of motivation. While it is possible to gain students attention, it will be hard to maintain if the student does not feel that the material is relevant to him / her. In other words, instruction must be related to important goals and factors of the learners.
3. Confidence
For learners to be motivated, they must feel confident that they can achieve the expected outcomes. If learners lack confidence, then it will be hard for them to acquire the appropriate level of achievement. However if a learner is very confident then they should be given a task that would integrate more difficult choices. In other words, confidence is dependent on the learner, and instruction should be structured enough to allow for minor changes that might need to be made to compensate for individual learners' needs.
4. Satisfaction
The final component of the ARCS Model is satisfaction. High levels of motivation corresponds to whether or not the learner derives satisfaction from instruction. If a learner feels dissatisfied that the instruction provides enough of a challenge or is not rewarding enough for the difficulty, then the learners will not perform as well as they could have.
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